Language: Zenzontepec Chatino
Contributors: Eric Campbell
Simplex verb
Verb meaning: TELL [tell]
Comment: /nakwę/; CPL.say; The addressee is optional.
Schema: UTT1 V 2 jiʔį̄+3
| # | Microrole | Coding set | Argument type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | told content | UTT | X |
| 2 | teller | Ø | A |
| 3 | tellee | jiʔį̄+NP | P |
| (64) |
"Kwinyaʔatzoʔōwą" nakwę. kwi-naʔa=tzoʔō=wą IMP-see=well=2PL nakwę say(.3) "Look here!", he said. |
| (130) |
"Nkāyūkéʔ tīké ntē nī" nakwęūʔ jį̄ nyáʔaūʔ "jā kakuna." nkāy-ū-kéʔ CPL-CAUS-get.cooked tīké liver ntē DEM nī now nakwę=ūʔ say=3PL jiʔį̄ RN nyáʔa=ūʔ mother=3PL jā CONJ k-aku=na POT-eat=1PL.INCL "Cook this liver", they told their mother, "so that we may eat." |
| (141) |
Tzanēʔéjnáʔą̄ʔ jį́ nto kiiʔ nyāʔā chu xīyáʔri tikwą ntikwiʔjnyáʔā jyą́ʔ nakwę niʔ kwetāʔaʔ jnā kweeʔeʔ. tz-a-nēʔé=jnáʔ=ą̄ʔ POT-go.NBASE-throw=blast=1SG jiʔį́ RN.2SG ntoo face kiiʔ fire nyāʔā HAB.see.2SG chu NOM.HUM xīyáʔ=ri small=only tikwą ugly nti-kwiʔ-jnyáʔā HAB-speak-bad jiʔį̄=ą̄ʔ RN=1SG nakwę say niʔ 3SG.RSP kwetāʔ=Vʔ fox=DEM jiʔį̄ RN na ART kweeʔ=Vʔ crab=DEM "I am going to throw you in the fire, you'll see, you little one, because you insult me", said the fox to the crab. |
| (157) |
Ná nīkwę̄ tu nāáʔ ntákwēę̄ʔ kyaʔa jā jiʔį́ tyaʔą-la-saʔą tza liya nu tāá. ná NEG nīkwę̄ POT.say.2SG tu IRR nāáʔ 1SG n-tákwī=ą̄ʔ STAT-be.hanging=1SG kyaʔa guilt jā CONJ jiʔį́ RN.2SG tyaʔą-la-saʔą POT.go.around-ADJ-be.attached(.3) tza one liya time nu NOM tāá POT.give(.3) Don't say that it is my fault if he goes after you once he gives it to you. |
| (197) |
Lēʔ yakwiʔūʔ lóʔō na kweta kyaʔāaʔ "laaʔ ntētāką́ʔ kwaa yākwá" nakwę. lēʔ then y-akwiʔ=ūʔ CPL-speak=3PL lóʔō RN.with na ART kweta outsider kyaʔā=Vʔ mountain=DEM laaʔ like.so ntē-tāką́ʔ PRG-experience kwaa 1PL.EXCL yākwá there nakwę say(.3) Then they spoke to the Mixtecs, "that is what is happening to us there", they said. Comment: It seems like jiʔį̄ is used for 'talk to' and lóʔō is used more for 'talk with'. As in English, the difference is subtle and not always very clear. The latter functions like a reciprocal, but reciprocals are not marked in this way, and it more resembles comitative NPs, which are flagged by lóʔō. |
| (198) |
"Wī lyakwā tzalóʔōǫ kitē" nakwę kūnáʔa. wī and lyakwā why tz-aa-lóʔō=ą POT-go.NBASE-RN.with=1PL.INCL kitē pine nakwę say(.3) kūnáʔa female "And why are we going to take pine?", said the woman. Comment: The goal is unexpressed but understood from the context. |
| (199) |
Kinikwę tyūú jiʔį̄ jwaā tzaa tya kitzę jlyū. ki-nikwę POT-tell tyūú Pedro jiʔį̄ RN jwaā Juan tz-aa POT-go.NBASE tya towards kitzę village jlyū large Pedro is going to tell Juan to go to the city. |
| (270) |
"Ná kutzęwą" nakwę. ná NEG k-utzę=wą POT-fear=2PL nakwę say(.3) "Do not be frightened", he said. |
| Alternation | Derived coding frame | Alternation class | Occurs | Comment | # Ex. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
