| Basic coding frame | Derived coding frame | |
|---|---|---|
| 1-nom V | → | N/A |
Alternation occurs: Marginally
| (33) |
아이들이 좋아서 깡충깡충 뛰고 있었다. Aideuri joaseo kkangchungkkangchung ttwigo isseotta. ai-deul-i child-PL-NOM joh-aseo be_glad-CONV.RS kkangchungkkangchung up_and_down ttwi-go jump-CONV iss-eoss-da be-PST-DECL The children were happily (i.e., because theywere happy) jumping up and down. |
| (172) |
러닝화를 신으면 잘 뛰어진다. Reonninghwareul sineumyeon jal ttwieo jinda. reonninghwa-reul running_shoes-ACC sin-eumyeon put_on-CONV jal well ttwi-eo run-COV ji-n-da PASS.AUX-NPST-DECL If one puts on running shoes, one can run well. Comment: This is an example where formally, ttwi- 'run' is inflected for what seems like a periphrastic passive alternation, although the verb's meaning acquires some modal meaning. Interestingly, the expression of any grammatical (potentially nominative, -ga marked) subject is not possible here, which raises the question whether this rather an impersonal construction than a true passive as observed with transitive verbs. This is why the alternation value for this verb has been chosen as 'marginally'. |