boida (보이다)

Complex verb

Verb meaning: SHOW [show]

Comment: Morphologically a causative of boda, LOOK. Boida in itself is used for situations where something is shown in an abstract or metaphorical way (ex. 197, 199), and rather in formal/written language. Impressionistically (as confirmed by another consultant), the far more common form in spoken usage is boyeojuda which might technically be seen as a benefactive alternation of boida where the pospositional adjunct (cf. ex. 199) changes to a dative argument in the process. As a caveat though, I am aware that boida sometimes occurs with a NOM-DAT-ACC case frame (ex. 198), but at least for someone who did not have a lot of contact to literary/'prescriptivised' Korean the variant with the postposition sounds more 'correct'. Still, taking A-nom (R+postp-loc) T-acc V as the case pattern for boida would justify classifying boyeojuda (with the case pattern A-nom R-dat T-acc) as its benefactive alternation, alhough then the question arises what should be 'benefactive' about this alternation in the first place, and furthermore there is no particular explanation for why the causer in the causative of boda 'look' receives postpositional marking instead of dative or accusative, as usually expected from the marking of a causer in Korean causative constructions. As discussed in several sources though (for example, see Lee and Ramsey 2000: 212 or O'Grady 1991: 154), the morphological causative in Korean is lexicalised to a high degree, and therefore one could see the postpositional adjunct as the lexically motivated (and therefore morphosyntactically 'unpredictable') expression of a semantic argument. Then, the benefactive alternation could be seen as an (applicative) operation that promotes a postpositional adjunct to a secondary object, which does not seem to be uncommon among the world's languages (as discussed in Kroeger 2004 or Creissels 2010 among others). However, my knowledge on the syntactic status of dative-marked constituents in Korean is limited which is why this should be seen as a suggestion for further research.

Examples: see at the bottom

Basic coding frame

Schema: 1-nom 2+ap-loc 3-acc V

# Microrole Coding set Argument type
1 shower NP-nom A
2 showing addressee NP-acc P
3 shown thing NP+ap-loc X
Examples for basic coding frame:
(199)

그녀는멘토들 앞에서 자신만만한 모습을 보였다.
Geunyeoneun mentodeul apeseo jasinmanmanan moseubeul boyeotta.
geunyeo-neun
that:girl-TOP
mento-deul
mentor-PL
ap-eseo
before-LOC
jasinmanman=ha-n
fully_confident=do-ATTR
moseub-eul
appearance-ACC
bo-i-eoss-da
look-CAUS-PST-DECL
She presented herself to her mentors with overflowing confidence (lit. she showed an appearance of full confidence in front of her mentors).

Comment: Sentence constructed after on-line article published by REVIEWSTAR, for source see Kim (2012).

See Kim 2012.0

Alternations

Alternation Derived coding frame Alternation class Occurs Comment # Ex.

Examples

(198)

ㅅ, 20년 전 ㅂ가 나에게 관심 보였다!
Gunyeon jeon B.ga naege gwansim boyeotta!
20
twenty
nyeon
year
jeon
before
B.-ga
B.-NOM
na-ege
1SG-DAT
gwansim
interest
bo-i-eoss-da
look-CAUS-PST-DECL
Twenty years ago B. showed me her interest!

Comment: Appears as headline in an online article by the Munhwa Broadcasting Company (MBC). Names and years have been changed/masked because of possible copyright issues.Two remarks can be made here: Firstly, it is typical for this verb to occur with a more abstract theme argument (instead of, say, 'show a book'), and secondly, it does not seem to be usual in spoken usage (as confirmed by two other consultants). Instead, the benefactive form, boyeojuda, seems more natural. For the source, see Kim (2010) in the references section.

See Kim 2010.0