A present participle is used with a passive and often necessity-colored meaning as the Latin gerundive. There are no studies so-far that mention this construction as a calque from Latin, as far as I am concerned. The same is possibly valid for a number of nouns in -nde in Swedish, which also have a passive reading (e.g. meddelande 'message', i.e. 'that was/needs to be sent' and not 'sending').
| Verb Meaning | Verb form | Basic coding frame | Derived coding frame | Occurs | Comment | # Ex. | |
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