Both synthetic passives of PIE descendant and Gothic analytic passives can be used to express noncausal events in the so-called anticausative alternation, showing a functional overlap with na-verbs (Lühr 2017: 960). This view is not agreed among all scholars (cf. Zanchi & Tarsi 2021: 60-68 for a discussion).
| Verb Meaning | Verb form | Basic coding frame | Derived coding frame | Occurs | Comment | # Ex. | |
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