This alternation introduces a new argument which is cognate or kindred to the verb meaning. Cognate arguments are etymologically and semantically related to the verb. On the other hand, kindred arguments are nouns that are only semantically connected to the verb. Both cognate and kindred objects can be either in the prepositionless non-nominative case or in PPs.
| Verb Meaning | Verb form | Basic coding frame | Derived coding frame | Occurs | Comment | # Ex. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|