Alternation ‘r-passive (R)’ (Coded )

In Old Latin the passive alternation is marked by continuants of the PIE mediopassive or ‘middle’ which in Latin, in some cases, is to be interpreted as a passive. For the infectum stem, synthetic forms with a characteristic affix in -r are used. There are no special perfectum stem forms for the passive. Instead, periphrastic forms consisting of the passive perfect participle and forms of the verb sum ‘to be’ are used (Pinkster 2015: 51). In Latin A can be expressed with an adjunct PP with a/ab + ablative. Three-place verbs with neutral alignment (i.e., T and R are encoded as the P of a monotransitive construction, cf. in Latin double object construction with verbs such as HIDE celo and TEACH doceo) allow for the passivization of R-like arguments. Three-place verbs with secundative alignment (i.e., R is encoded as the P of a monotransitive construction and differently from the T, cf, in Latin with verbs such LOAD onero and DRESS induo, T recives the Abl whereas R the Acc) allow for R-passivization, as well.